含锂、钾硼酸盐水溶液体系固液相平衡研究          下载免费PDF全文

史春成  杨娟  王士强  赵冬  郭亚飞  邓天龙 《盐湖研究》2019,27(1)

采用等温溶解平衡法测定了含锂、硼硼酸盐水溶液体系在35℃时的溶解度、密度和折光率，根据实验数据，绘制了相应的溶解度图、密度图、折光率图和pH值图。该体系溶解度相图包含一个共饱点，两个单盐结晶区，分别为结晶相区较大的（L+ Mg2B6O11·15H2O）和结晶相区较小的（L + K2B4O7·4H2O），溶液体系中没有固溶体和复盐产生。溶液的密度、折光率和pH值随着硼酸钾溶液的浓度增大而呈现与规律的变化，并采用半经验公式对溶液的密度和折光率进行计算，计算值和实验值吻合较好。  相似文献   

A comment on geographically weighted regression with parameter-specific distance metrics     

Taylor Oshan  Levi John Wolf  Wei Kang  Ziqi Li  Hanchen Yu 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(7):1289-1299

A recent paper in this journal proposed a form of geographically weighted regression (GWR) that is termed parameter-specific distance metric geographically weighted regression (PSDM GWR). The central focus of the PSDM generalization of the GWR framework is that it allows the kernel function that weights nearby data to be specified with a distinct distance metric. As with the recent paper on Multiscale GWR (MGWR), the PSDM framework presents a form of GWR that also allows for parameter-specific bandwidths to be computed. As a result, a secondary focus of the PSDM GWR framework is to reduce the computational overhead associated with searching a massive parameter space to find a set of optimal parameter-specific bandwidths and parameter-specific distance metrics. In this comment, we discuss several concerns with the PSDM GWR framework in terms of model interpretability, complexity, and computational efficiency. We also recommend some best practices when using these models, suggest how to more holistically assess model variations, and set out an agenda to constructively focus future research endeavors.  相似文献   

Isothermal Evaporating Phase Equilibria in the Quaternary System (LiCl+NaCl+Li₂SO₄₊Na₂SO₄₊H₂O)at 348.15 K and 0.1 MPa:An Experimental and Theoretical Study          下载免费PDF全文

GUO Ya-fei  YUAN Fei  LI Long  WANG Shi-qiang  DENG Tian-long 《盐湖研究》2019,27(2):69-77

The gradient solar pond technique is an economic separating process employed in the inorganic chemical industrial production of salt lake chemical engineering processes. In this paper,a novel isothermal evaporation experimental method was employed to simulate the evaporation phase equilibrium for the reciprocal quaternary system( LiCl + NaCl + Li_2 SO_4+ Na_2 SO_4+ H_2 O) at 348. 15 K to serve as a useful guide for lithium salt production via the depth solar ponds. The isothermal evaporation equilibrium solubilities and physicochemical properties,including the densities and pH values,were experimentally investigated. The dry-salt phase diagram,water-phase diagram,and the diagram of the physicochemical properties versus composition were plotted with respect to the experimental data. The drysalt phase diagram consists of three invariant points,seven univariant solubility curves,and five crystallization regions,specifically halite( NaCl,Ha),thenardite( Na_2 SO_4,Th),double salt( Li_2 SO_4·Na_2 SO_4,Db_2),lithium sulfate monohydrate( Li_2 SO_4·H_2 O,Ls),and lithium chloride monohydrate( LiCl·H_2 O,Lc). Based on Pitzer and its extended HMW model,the Pitzer single salt parameters,mixing ion interaction parameters,and thermodynamic stable equilibrium constants for the quaternary system at 348. 15 K were obtained. The calculated phase diagram and experimental isothermal phase diagram at 348. 15 K exhibited a great difference. Based on these results,the isothermal evaporation phase diagram can truly reflect the salt sedimentary in salt lakes and can be applied as a useful guide for the solar pond process.  相似文献   

混沌理论支持下的桥梁变形监测研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许章平  栾元重  刘中华  崔腾飞  相涛 《测绘通报》2019,(6):41-46

针对桥墩的非线性下沉问题，引入了混沌理论。采用改进的C-C算法计算时间序列的时间延迟τ，采用改进的G-P算法计算最佳嵌入维数m，进行相空间重构，并与传统算法对比抗干扰性，计算效率等得到了改善，运用Lvyapunov指数判别该时间序列的混沌特性；最后根据所求参数建立加权一阶局域预计模型和RBF神经网络混沌预计模型，分别对观测数据进行预计分析，将混沌时间预测结果与指数平滑法预测结果进行对比分析。得出混沌时间预测精度高于指数平滑法预测精度，RBF神经网络混沌预计模型的预计精度最高，证明混沌时间序列预计精度可靠，能够实时对桥身变形进行监测，避免灾害的发生。  相似文献   

线性回归参数的总体最小二乘估计算法研究     

杨根新  谢正明 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):82-84

针对线性回归参数的总体最小二乘估计问题提出了线性回归加权总体最小二乘平差模型,在此基础上推导了线性回归的加权总体最小二乘迭代算法。之后,采用一个算例进行了分析,其结果验证了提出模型和算法的正确性和可行性。  相似文献   

利用概率加权回归和主成分分析评估低盐诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体幼虫的效果     

李阳春  王昭萍  刘剑  马培振 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,50(4):21-28

为提供一种更科学、全面的三倍体诱导盐度综合评价方法,本研究采用了两种新的统计学方法对低盐诱导太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)幼虫三倍体的效果进行了评估。利用概率加权回归拟合构建了低盐诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体过程中卵裂率、孵化率与盐度的Probit回归模型,得到了不同诱导盐度条件下卵裂率及孵化率的估计值,其中50%卵裂率及50%孵化率的诱导盐度估计值分别为5.648和8.644,对该模型的可信性进行了验证。应用主成分分析法得到了两个可以代表卵裂率、孵化率和三倍体率的主成分和不同诱导盐度的综合评价指数,其中盐度8得分最高,为0.67,其次为盐度10,得分为0.54。研究结果表明,要达到50%孵化率,诱导盐度需大于8.644;盐度8和10均为合适的诱导盐度,其中盐度8诱导率更高、存活率较低,盐度10存活率更高、诱导率稍低。  相似文献   

基于MODIS的秦巴山地气温估算与山体效应分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘俊杰  潘自武  秦奋  顾江岩  朱明阳  赵芳 《地理研究》2020,39(3):735-748

秦巴山地作为横亘在中国南北过渡带的巨大山脉,其山体效应对中国中部植被和气候的非地带性分布产生了重要的影响,山体内外同海拔的温差是表征山体效应大小较为理想的指标。本研究结合MODIS地表温度（LST）数据、STRM-1 DEM数据和秦巴山地的118个气象站点的观测数据,分别采用普通线性回归（OLS）和地理加权回归（GWR）两种分析方法对秦巴山地的气温进行估算,在此基础上将秦巴山地各月气温转换为同海拔（1500 m,秦巴山地平均海拔）气温,对比分析秦巴山地的山体效应。结果表明：① 相比OLS分析,GWR分析方法的精度更高,各月回归模型的R ²均在0.89以上,均方根误差（RMSE）在0.68~0.98 ℃之间。② 利用GWR估算得到的同海拔气温,从东向西随海拔升高呈现了明显的升高的趋势,秦岭西部山地比东段升高约6 ℃和4.5 ℃;大巴山西部山地年均和7月份同海拔的气温较东段升高约8 ℃和5 ℃。③ 从南向北,以汉江为分界,秦岭与大巴山的同海拔的气温均呈现出由山体边缘向内部升高的趋势。④ 秦巴山地西部大起伏高山,秦岭大起伏高中山和大巴山大起伏中山,相比豫西汉中中山谷地,各月均同海拔气温分别升高了约3.85~9.28 ℃、1.49~3.34 ℃和0.43~3.05 ℃,平均温差约为3.50 ℃,说明秦巴山地大起伏中高山的山体效应十分明显。  相似文献   

多维观测的矩阵参数建模与加权最小二乘估计     

刘志平  朱丹彤  余航  李思达 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(8):862-867

针对常规向量参数法多维观测建模与平差效率低的问题，分析指出多维观测矩阵参数建模条件应满足不同观测维度的参数独立且个数相等特点（简称独立同构特征），进而利用该建模条件、Kronecker积运算性质和加权最小二乘原理提出矩阵参数建模与加权最小二乘估计方法。该方法顾及不同观测维互相关性，增大系数阵稠密度，降低法矩阵阶数，从而有效提高了建模与平差计算效率。空间直线和GPS站坐标时序模型计算结果均表明，向量参数法和矩阵参数法平差结果相同，但后者具有更高的存储与计算效率。  相似文献   

Spatially non-stationary effect of underlying driving factors on surface urban heat islands in global major cities     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Urban heat island (UHI) effect is among the most typical characteristics of urban climate. The analysis of surface UHI (SUHI) mechanisms has received the most extensive attention in the world. Here, we quantify the diurnal and seasonal SUHI intensity (SUHII) in global 419 major cities during the period 2003-2013. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) was established to assess the relationships between SUHII and several driving factors, and it further was compared to the ordinary least square (OLS) and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) models. We show that GWR model has higher determination coefficient (R²) than OLS and SMLR models (Time: summer daytime, summer night, winter daytime and winter nighttime; GWR: 0.805, 0.458, 0.699 and 0.582; OLS: 0.732, 0.347, 0.473 and 0.320; SMLR: 0.732, 0.341, 0.468 and 0.316), indicating the spatially non-stationarity in the relationships. During the day, both vegetation activity and tree cover fraction have stronger cooling effect on SUHI in the summer of Asia. At night, there are stronger albedo effects on SUHI in the summer of Eastern Asia and Western North America and in the winter of Eastern Asia. Furthermore, temperature has stronger effect on daytime SUHI in Africa, Europe and South America in summer, and precipitation has stronger effect on nighttime SUHI in Africa and Europe in summer. Our results emphasize the spatial variation of the relationships between SUHII and relevant driving factors across global major cities, further indicating that the spatially non-stationary effect of driving factors on SUHII need to be considered in the future.  相似文献   

利用原始激光雷达点云数据提取渐进式建筑物轮廓线     

闻平  赵飞  吴小东  王莹  王冲 《测绘通报》2020,(9):80-84

建筑物是城市三维建模的重要元素，其轮廓信息的提取既是难点又是重点。本文提出了原始激光雷达点云数据的渐进式建筑物轮廓线提取方法。首先对原始点云数据采用渐进数学形态学滤波分离非地面点；然后使用改进的三维Hough转换分类出建筑物点云；进一步提取建筑物轮廓点，并根据相邻点方位角阈值确定建筑点云轮廓的关键点，以此简化并拟合建筑物轮廓线；最后基于轮廓线长度加权方向将建筑物轮廓规则化。结果表明，该方法大大提高了点云处理的效率和精度，可以直接从采集到的初始数据中自动化渐进式得到建筑物轮廓线信息。同时该方法对解决中小城镇建筑物体积小，距离近和屋顶坡度较大等问题具有较好的效果。  相似文献